Maternal exam 1. According to Erikson, which of the following stages would inc

Maternal exam
1. According to Erikson, which of the following stages would include children ages 12 to 18 years?
a. Generativity vs. Stagnation
b. Initiative vs. Guilt
c. Trust vs. Mistrust
d. Identity vs. role confusion
2. In the first year of life. Infants develop new skills at a very rapid rate. From the responses listed below, choose the best answer to the following question. At what age might an infant begin drinking from a cup?
a.
b.
c. 12 months
d. 9 months
3. A nurse is preparing to administer an IM injection to a preschool-age child. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
a. Administer the medication in the child’s room.
b. Allow the child to choose the site for injection.
c. Ask the parents to hold the child.
d. Tell the child the medicine will make him better.
4. Vomiting and diarrhea are common childhood illnesses. Dehydration can occur if vomiting and diarrhea are severe or persistent. Other than dehydration, what are other risks of persistent vomiting? Select all that apply.
a. Electrolyte imbalance
b. Aspiration
c. Weight loss
d. Tooth decay
e. Urinary tract infection
5. A 7-year-old male presents to the pediatric clinic with a reported history of low-grade fever followed by the development of a rash. On assessment, the nurse notes multiple red papules, vesicles, and crusted lesions scattered over the trunk, face, and extremities. The history and presentation are most consistent with:
a. Rubella (Germany measles)
b. Atopic Dermatitis (eczema)
c. Varicella (chicken pox)
d. Coxsackie virus (Hand, foot, and mouth)
6. A 3-year-old child is hospitalized for persistent vomiting. Initially, the provider writes orders for the child to be NPO (nothing by mouth). After the vomiting begins to subside, the provider begins to advance the child’s diet. The child does well with a clear liquid diet and is advanced to a full diet. Which of the following items would be a complete liquid diet?
a. Milkshakes
b. Toast
c. Mashed potatoes
d. Scrambled eggs
7. A nurse is caring for a child who is experiencing an acute asthmatic attack. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?
a. Montelukast
b. Fluticasone
c. Methylprednisolone
d. albuterol
8. A nurse at a pediatrician’s office is contacted by a parent whose child just ingested half a bottle of prenatal vitamins. What instruction should the nurse provide the parent?
a. Contact the poison control center.
b. Have the child eat a high carbohydrate meal.
c. Give the child syrup of Ipecac
d. Do nothing; the vitamins are harmless
9. The preschool stage of development spans from the ages of 3 to 5 years. During this time, children are developing fine motor skills. They are learning more complex games, and they are magical thinkers. This means preschoolers use fantasy or magical thinking to understand situations that are complex. Which of the following is an example of magical thinking?
a. Putting a bandage on a stuffed animal
b. Blaming an imaginary friend for breaking a toy
c. Understanding object permanence
d. Naming a favorite doll
10. Newborns need support with thermoregulation as they adjust to life in their new environment. This means swaddling the baby in warm, dry blankets and keeping a soft hat on to cover their heads. The temperature of a newborn will be constantly monitored to make sure they are not too cold. Which of the following is a risk if the newborn becomes too cold?
a. Shivering
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Decreased muscle tone
d. Tachycardia
11. According to Erik Erikson, school-age children are in which psychosocial development stage?
a. Industry vs. Inferiority
b. Autonomy vs. Shame
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
d. Ego Integrity vs. Despair
12. Your client weighs 12 kg. The provider orders acetaminophen10 mg/kg every four hours as needed for fever. What dose should the client receive?
a. 120 mg
b. 1.2 mg
c. 12 mg
d. 0.8 mg
13. Infants are at risk for burns for several reasons. Which of the following statements would indicate that the caregivers of an infant need further teaching about the risk of burns?
a. “ I always check the bathwater so that the water is not too hot before bathing my baby.”
b. “ I never leave my baby alone during bath time.”
c. “ I microwave my baby’s bottles to warm them.”
d. “ I am careful that the baby does not have access to hot items on the stove.”
14. Medication dosage for younger children is typically based on weight. Which of the following
is true about weight-based dosing? Select all that apply.
a. Dosage can be calculated on a weight obtained two months ago.
b. Dosage can be estimated based on the age of the child.
c. Weight must be accurate.
d. Dosage calculation will use weight in kilograms
e. Toddlers do not require weight-based medication dosing.
15. The developmental stages of adolescence spans the ages of 12 to 20 years of age. A lot of changes take place during this time. During this time, males and females reach their full height. Females will typically reach their full height at an earlier age than males. At what age do we expect males to reach their full height?
a. 14 years of age
b. 20 years of age
c. 18 years of age
d. 16 years of age
16. Adolescence is the developmental stage that includes which age group?
a. 10-12 years
b. 20 and older
c. 12-20 years
d. 8-10 years
17. Prevention of medication errors is a priority concern for all nurses. There are a variety of safety measures that are designed to prevent medication errors. One of those safety measures relates to “ high alert” medication which requires having two nurses check the dose prior to administration. Which of the following is considered a “high alert” medication?
a. Benadryl
b. Insulin
c. Amoxicillin
d. Tylenol
18.
19. As children age. There are many physiological changes that occur. These changes often mean taking a different approach with medication administration. One example of this includes administration of ear drops. There are two different techniques used to administer ear drops, and are based on the age of the child. Which of the following techniques is used for children under the age of three?
a. Gently pull the pinna up and back.
b. Gently pull the pinna up and forward.
c. Gently pull the pinna down and forward.
d. Gently pull the pinna down and back.
20. The nurse in the pediatric clinic is providing teaching to the parents of a 5-day old infant regarding safety and infection control. Parents have concerns about a recent outbreak of pertussis in their 3-year old child’s day care center and want to know they can protect their newborn. Which response from the nurse is most accurate?
a. “All household contacts should receive a pertussis vaccine or booster?”
b. “ Your baby will receive a TDaPat at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.”
c. “ We will administer the first pertussis vaccine today and repeat it at 2 and 4 months”
d. “ Your baby is not at risk for the infection because of immunity transferred during pregnancy.”
21. A nurse is caring for a 6-week-old infant admitted to the pediatric unit for evaluation of suspected pyloric stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
a. Bulging fontanelle
b. Projectile vomiting
c. Distended abdomen
d. Abnormal weight gain.
22. The nurse is discussing safety with a group of mothers of two-year-olds. What is an important teaching topic for this age group.
a. Apply safety locks on all cabinets .
b. Always wear helmets when riding bicycles
c. Cover electrical outlets with caps.
d. Always supervise bath time.
23. Cyberbullying can be a risk for adolescents. There have been cases where where cyberbullying resulted in adolescent suicide. Healthcare workers can help bring awareness to cyberbullying by advising parents and teens of some of the methods by which cyberbullying occurs. Which of the following are examples of how cyberbullying occurs? (select all that apply)
a. Setting up a fictitious website
b. Using email to torment someone
c. Posing as a child on social media
d. Sending letters through the mail
24. According to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory. The stage of adolescence includes a greater focus on concepts such as peer groups, self-concept, and self-esteem. Which of the following outcomes would occur if the adolescent does not meet the goals of this developmental stage?
a. Inability to solve conflicts
b. stagnation
c. Lack of initiative
d. Mistrust
25. Effective communication among health care team members is critical. One method to ensure we are communicating effectively is by use of SBAR ( situation,
background,assessment,and recommendation). Which of the following information would be background information?
a. Patient’s past medical history
b. Identification of yourself
c. A brief suggestion of the action needed
d. Current level of pain
26. Breastfeeding is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics; however, not all moms choose to breastfeed. New moms should be given support regardless of the decision they make on how to feed their babies. When using formula feeding exclusively, the recommendation is to use formula that includes which of the following dietary
supplements?
a. Iron fortified
b. Protein fortified
c. Vitamin c fortified
d. Vitamin D fortified
27. What is typically the cause of hypovolemic shock in children?
a. Allergic reaction
b. Cardiac abnormalities
c. Severe dehydration
d. infection
28. Medications are administered rectally if another route is not appropriate. For example, a child who is vomiting and unable to hold down anything by mouth may have medications prescribed to be administered rectally. Which of the following would be a contraindication to administering medication rectally?
a. The child is vomiting.
b. The child has a bleeding disorder.
c. The child has difficulty swallowing.
d. The child has a fever.
29. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about car safety with parents of an 18-month-old child who weighs 24 lbs(10.9 kg). What position describes the safest placement of the car seat?
a. Forward-facing in the back seat on the passenger side.
b. Rear-facing in the front passenger side with activated airbag.
c. Rear-facing in the middle of the backseat.
d. Forward-facing in the middle of the back seat.
30. When children experience flare-ups of their chronic conditions, hospitalizations may be required. Play can be used to help children make sense of everything that is happening to them such as diagnostic procedures, medication, and other treatments and even all the beeps and alarms in an intensive care unit. Which of the following are specialized members of the health care team whose job it is to help children through play?
a. Play dates
b. Child life specialists
c. Case managers
d. Play therapists
31. Your client weighs 88 pounds. The provider orders ibuprofen 10 mg/kg every six hours as needed for pain. What dose will be administered?
a. 880 mg
b. 40 mg
c. 400 mg
d. 88 mg
32. A nurse is attending a seminar about the care of premature infants. The presenter asked the audience for ideas on how to soothe a fussy baby. Which of the following suggestions is the best option to soothe a premature baby?
a. Keep the baby in a well-lit room.
b. Have the television on while feeding the baby.
c. Reposition the baby at frequent intervals.
d. Swaddle the baby snugly when holding them.
33. The provider orders 240 mg of acetaminophen PO (by mouth) every four hours as needed for fever. On hand you have acetaminophen 160 mg/5 mL. How much medication will be administered?
a. 15
b. 1.5
c. 7.5
d. 0.75
34. A student nurse wants to become familiar with the vaccination schedule. What is the best resource for the student nurse to find the most current vaccination schedule?
a. The student should use a search engine on her computer for the information.
b. The pediatrician’s office will have the most up-to-date information posted.
c.
d. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website (CDC)
35. Oral medications come in the form of liquid or tablets. Liquid medications will require measurement to administer the most accurate dosage. Which of the following methods of measurement is most accurate for smaller doses of liquid medicines?
a. A measuring cup
b. A tablespoon
c. The cap from the medication bottle
d. A syringe
36. Your client weighs 33 pounds. The provider has ordered amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day divided into three doses. How much amoxicillin will be administered each dose? a. 1320 mg
b. 600 mg
c. 440 mg
d. 200 mg
37. A two-month-old infant is admitted to the hospital. The nurse should perform which action to maintain the infant’s safety and to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
a. Make sure only plastic bottles and toys are used.
b. Cover the crib with netting when the child is not directly observed.
c. Place the infant in a supine position for sleep.
d. Take the pacifier out of the infant’s mouth before the infant falls asleep.
38. The cranial bones of an infant are not fully closed (fused) at birth. This is to allow for the head to pass more easily through the birth canal. These spaces between the cranial bones are called fontanelles and over time they will close. At what age would we expect the posterior fontanelle to close?
a. 9 to 12 months
b. 2 to 3 months
c. 3 to 6 months
d. 6 to 9 months
39. Which statement should help guide the student nurse in caring for a three-year-old child who experiences pain?
a. The parent can actually determine the child’s pain management needs.
b. Children are resilient and therefore require less pain management than adults.
c. Pain is assessed using an age-appropriate assessment tool.
d. The pediatric client is at higher risk for addiction than the adult client.
40. A child’s airway is anatomically different from an adult’s airway. This means that a respiratory illness that may have minor symptoms in an adult could easily result in respiratory distress in a young child. Which of the following is not a sign of respiratory distress in a child.
a. Non-labored breathing
b. Cyanosis
c. Nasal flaring
d. Chest retractions
41. Babies develop communication skills at a rapid rate by just two months of age. Babies are able to recognize faces as well as smile and coo when they are happy. At what age would we anticipate a baby will begin to speak one to two words such as “ Ma Ma” or “Da Da”?
a. 9 months
b. 12 months
c. 10 months
d. 8 months
42. Preschoolers become quite good at climbing. This puts them at risk for fall injuries. If a preschooler requires treatment for a fall injury. Which of the following would be the best choice to determine the level of pain the child is experiencing?
a. wong-Baker FACES pain scale
b. Using facial expression to describe the pain
c. Pointing to the word that describes the pain
d. Use of the 0-10 pain scale
43. According to Erik Erikson, preschoolers are in which psychosocial developmental stage?
a. Autonomy vs.Shame
b.
c. Initiative vs.Guilt
d. Identity vs. role confusion.
44. infants in general have a higher risk of dehydration than adults. One reason is that infants have greater body surface area than adults, which allows for more insensible water loss. Which of the following is not considered a sign of dehydration in an infant?
a. Rapid, thready pulse.
b. Increased urine output
c. Sunken fontanels
d. Low blood pressure
45. A nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions with the mom of a 9-month-old. The final discharge note about implementing safety precautions. Which of the following statements indicates that the mom needs further reinforcement about safe practices?
a. I always put a car seat on the front seat facing forward so I can watch her more closely
B. I have a safety gate to keep her from using the sitters.
c. “Place childproof locks on all of the cabinets.”
d. “ I have put covers on all of the electrical outlets.”
46. A nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child who had an incident of bedwetting during hospitalization. The child’s parents express concern about the incident. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
a. “Children who are hospitalized often regress. The toileting skills will return when your child is feeling better.”
b. “Why is she wetting bed in the hospital? She must wet the bed at home.” c. “ I will discuss your child’s loss of bladder control with the provider.”
d. “ I know this can be embarrassing. I have kids myself, so I understand, and it doesn’t bother me.”
47. What would be the most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensory-motor stimulation for a 1- year old?
a. Spend time in the infant swing
b. Play with push/pull toys
c. Ride a tricycle
d. Read large picture books
48. LPNs contribute to the client care by completing tasks such as focused assessments. Which of the following will be included in a focused assessment for an older child with abdominal discomfort? Select all that apply.
a. Determine the level of pain
b. Evaluate bowel sounds
c. Palpate abdomen
d. Palpate pedal pulses
e. Auscultate breath sounds
49. Keeping babies safe when traveling in a vehicle is very important. To accomplish this, babies should always ride in a car seat that is approved for their size and age. Which of the following responses best describes how infant car seats should be placed inside the vehicle?
a. Back seat, rear facing
b. Front seat, forward facing
c. Back seat, forward facing
d. Front seat, rear facing
50. What are some common locations for an intramuscular injection? Select all that apply. a. Clavicle
b. Deltoid
c. Vastus Lateralis
d. Great trochanter
e. ventrolateral
51. A new mother brings her 1-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for evaluation. She asks the nurse when her baby will be protected from poliovirus. Which of the following is the most accurate response by the nurse?
a. “ Your child will receive an oral vaccine for poliovirus at the age of 2, 4, and 6 months and again at 4 years.”
b. “Your child will be vaccinated for poliovirus via injections beginning at age 12 months and repeated at 4 years.”
c. “ Your child will receive an injectable vaccination for poliovirus at ages of 2, 4, and 6 months and again at 4 years,”
d. “ We no longer vaccinate for poliovirus in the united states as the infection has been eradicated.”
52. The nurse is preparing to administer ibuprofen to a 2-year-old child with fever and weighs 27 lbs. The medication is prepared as a 100mg/5ml suspension. If administering 10 mg/kg/dose. What is the volume of the individual dose? (round to the nearest tenth.)
a. 122 mL
b. 6.1 mL
c. 6.1 mg
d. 6.13 mL
53. Injury prevention in school-age children addresses the growing independence and autonomy seen during the developmental stage. Which of the following should be an appropriate method of injury prevention for school-age children? Select all that apply
a. Stronger safety measures
b. Child safety locks on cabinets with cleaning supplies
c. Gun safety measures
d. Use of protective equipment for contact sports
e. Water safety measures
54. Children should be observed for adverse effects of any medication, especially if it is a newly prescribed medication. Which of the following would be a priority reaction to report following administration of a new medication?
a. Abdominal pain
b. Nausea
c.Difficult breathing
d.Itching
55. Stranger anxiety begins during the infancy stage and can last through the toddler stage; stranger anxiety can present some challenges to the health care team when a toddler is hospitalized; the perdicrit nurse must adapt and how to interpret and engage with the toddler in order to gain trust. Which of the following are appropriate measures to engage a toddler? Select all that apply.
a. Using finger puppets
b. Reading a simple book
c. Soft, colorful balls
d. Magic wand filled with glitter
e. Complete puzzle
56. The infancy stage includes the time from birth to twelve months of age. During this time infants gain weight at a rate of approximately 1.5 pounds per month. By the age of twelve months, how should the infant’s weight compare to their birth weight?
a. Their weight at twelve months should be ten pounds over their birth weight. b. Their weight at 12 months should be double their birth weight.
c. Their weight at twelve months should be four times their birth weight.
d. Their weight at twelve months should be three times their birth weight.
57. Erik Erikson introduced the theory of preschool development, which consists of 8 life stages. According to Erikson, each stage presents a crisis that the child or adult must receive before moving to the next stage. Which of the following is the stage of
a.
b.
c.
d.
58. The nursing process is used in the clinical setting every day and can be a basis on which the client’s care plan is created. One of the ways to help remember the steps of the nursing process is to use the acronym “ADPIE.” In this acronym which step of the nursing process is represented by the letter.” D”?
a. Delivery
b. Delegate
c. Diagnosis
d. Development
59. Cleft lip and cleft palate are two conditions that typically require surgical intervention. What are some examples of immediate postoperative care for a pediatric client? Select all that apply
a. Evaluate vital signs
b. Ambulate client
c. Evaluate pain level
d. Position for comfort
e. Evaluate surgical incision.
60. There are some medical conditions that require nutritional support other than the oral intake. This can include total parenteral nutrition ( TPN), which is a mixture of supplements that are given through an intravenous catheter. Nutrition can also be given through a feeding tube. What is the name of this type of feeding?
a. Peripheral feeding
b. Endotracheal feeding
c. Enteral feeding
d. Epidural feeding
61. Keeping babies safe includes offering safe toys to play with. Which of the following would be considered a safe toy for an infant?
a. A video game
b. A pull-along wagon
c. Building blocks
d. A teething ring
62. The provider orders 10 mg promethazine IM intramuscular every six hours as needed for nausea. On hand you have promethazine 25 mg per mL. How much promethazine will you draw into the syringe?
a. 0.4 mL
b. 5 mL
c. 4 mL
d. 0.5 mL
63. The nurse is caring for a 15- year-old client who states that she is an emancipated minor. The nurse recognizes that which statement is correct.
a. The client may be emancipated if she is married at the time of service.
b. Laws regarding emancipation may vary from state to state.
c. The client is only emancipated if she is pregnant at the time of service.
d. The nurse should contact social services to determine if the client is a runaway. 64. When administering medication to children, it is important to keep them safe by using the rights of medication administration just as you would with an adult. Which of the following is not one of the rights of medication administration?
a. Right time
b. Right dose
c. Right personality
d. Right client
65. The nurse planning a safety program for high school students should understand that most accidental adolescent deaths are related to which factor?
a. Drug use
b. Drowning
c. Automobile accidents
d. Firearm accidents
66. Which of the following is most important when planning the care of a child in the hospital?
a. weight
b. Chronological age
c. Developmental level
d. Gender
67. The provider orders 10 mg of prednisolone by mouth as a one-time stat order for wheezing. On hand, you have prednisolone 2.5 mg tablets. How many tablets will be administered?.
a. 0.4 tablets
b. 4 tablets
c. 2 tablets
d. 0.2 tablets
68. A nurse is caring for a 12- month old infant who is being treated for bacteria pneumonia. The nurse is preparing to administer medication to an infant in the vastus lateralis. Which most accurately describes the site the nurse will use to administer medication?
a. The outer thigh, midway between the hip and the kneecap
b. The upper outer quadrant of the buttock above the iliac crest
c. The inner aspect of the thigh, midway between the groin and the kneecap d. The upper arm, two finger breadths below the acromion process
69. Children who are hospitalized for an illness can in many ways. Care should be taken to maintain as much of the child’s routine as possible. However, the child already feels ill, and being in an unfamiliar place can add to their stress. Which of the following are signs of fear in the hospitalized child? Select all that apply.
a. Playing with other children
b. Baby talk in the preschooler
c. Refusing to eat
d. Loss of developmental milestone
e. Stranger anxiety
70. Your client weighs 66 pounds. The provider has ordered amoxicillin 40 mg/kg/day. What is the daily dose of amoxicillin for the child?
a. 1200 mg each day
b. 2400 mg each day
c. 2640 mg each day
d. 5808 mg each day
71. There are several developmental theorists whose theory provide insight into expected developmental achievements for a child. Which of the following theorists do we credit for the theory of cognitive development?
a. Lawrence Kohlberg
b. Erik Erikson
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Jean Plaget
72. Children move through several developmental stages. Which ages are represented by the “preschool” developmental stage?
a. 3 to 6 years age
b. 4 to 8 years of age
c. 2 to 5 years of age
d. Birth to 1 year of age
73. A nurse is collecting data on a newborn suspected of having Down Syndrome. When checking the newborn’s skin, what does the nurse expect to note if the syndrome is present?
a. Multiple creases across the palm
b. A single crease across the palm
c. The absence of creases on the palm
d. Double creases across the palm
74. Young children are at risk of aspiration. As part of the healthcare team, LPNs contribute to the prevention of choking injuries. Which of the following is an example of a food item that poses a risk of choking?
a. Banana
b. Whole grapes
c. Cooked vegetables
d. Cottage cheese
75. epiglottis is a serious diagnosis that can quickly become a medical emergency. Which of the following is a priority action for children who have suspected epiglottis?
a. Obtaining a throat swab
b. Completing a finger stick for blood glucose
c. Keeping the child calm and relaxed
d. Completing a series of diagnostic x-rays
76. Some medications can be administered into a muscle using a syringe and needle. Needles and syringes come in a variety of different sizes. Needles are measured by length ( ½ inch, 1 inch,1 ½ inch etc). They are also measured by the size of the lumen ( the hollow opening through which medication is passed). Which of the following responses below would help determine the lumen size of the needle?
a. Rate of absorption
b. Viscosity
c. Amount of medication prescribed
d. Location of infection
77. In an emergency, which of the following is one tool that can be used to determine all the following: the child’s weight, the correct medication dosages, and size of equipment needed for the child?
a. Measuring tape
b. Broselow’s tape
c. Ruler
d. Standing scale
78. For which sexually transmitted infection does the Gardisil vaccine provide immunity?
a. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
b. Human immuno virus (HIV)
c. Hepatitis B Virus
d. Chlamydia trachomatis
79. Childhood obesity is becoming a worldwide health issue. Childhood obesity can result in poor health outcomes such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Which of the following contribute to childhood obesity? select all that apply
a. Lack of physical activity
b. Increased screen time
c. Eating a balanced diet
d. Choosing sugary drinks and snacks
e. Choosing an apple instead of apple pie
80. Toddler growth and development is different from infants. Infants grow and change at a rapid rate, but toddlers\’ growth occurs at a slower pace. Because of this, toddlers require fewer calories. Toddlers may also become very picky eaters. Which of the following nutritional choices would be a cause of concern during this developmental stage?
a. The toddler prefers grits over oatmeal
b. The toddler consumes one glass of oatmeal each morning
c. The toddler consumes apple juice and a banana at lunch
d. The toddler drinks two full glasses of milk at each meal time.
81. The nu